Substantiation of eco-restoration technologies for technogenically altered soils in urban areas based on process modelling with consideration of permitting requirements and CAD support

Abstract

Purpose. To assess the impact of nature-based and engineering measures on the ecological and mechanical stability of technogenically altered soils of urbanized territories affected by military activities, taking into account the requirements of environmental permitting procedures The methods. The study is based on numerical modelling performed in a plane strain formulation using the elastic–plastic Mohr–Coulomb model combined with transient seepage analysis. Several scenarios of stabilization of the upper soil layer were analysed. The assessment included determination of maximum settlements, the factor of safety, the hydraulic gradient, and an integrated environmental stability index. The obtained results may be used for preparing materials required for environmental permitting procedures and for their visualization in CAD environments during the development of engineering documentation. Findings. In the baseline scenario, maximum settlements reach up to 42 mm, while the factor of safety approaches the limit value of 1.30. The application of engineering stabilization measures reduces settlements by up to 50% and increases stability by approximately 17%. Nature-based solutions ensure a reduction of the hydraulic gradient by up to 48% and increase the environmental soil stability index by more than 4.6 times. The originality. Correlations found ..An integrated approach to the assessment of ecological and engineering stability of technogenically altered soils affected by military impacts is proposed. A soil environmental stabilization index is introduced, combining the factor of safety and the hydraulic gradient, which enables quantitative comparison of different restoration scenarios. Practical implementation. The obtained results can be applied for substantiation of technologies for the restoration of urban territories, preparation of environmental impact assessment documentation, obtaining environmental permits, and development of engineering and graphical materials within CAD environments.