Current status and prospects of the development of hydrogen energy

Abstract

Purpose. Analysis of problems and prospects for the development of methods of hydrogen extraction, review of literature and study of methods of its transportation and use of hydrogen fuel in Ukraine and the world. Methodology. To achieve the goal, the work uses an empirical method of scientific research, taking into account theoretical provisions. Findigs. Expanded and systematized methods of obtaining hydrogen using various technologies (such as extraction of green hydrogen from excess electricity from renewable sources, gasification of coking coal at high temperature, electrolysis), which allowed to create a laboratory installation, the starting material of which is distillate from mine water, for obtaining hydrogen by electrolysis. Originality. consists in the analysis and systematization of energy and environmental aspects of the use of hydrogen fuel based on general information about hydrogen energy in Ukraine and the world. The regularities of the impact of various methods of obtaining hydrogen on the environment have been established. Although hydrogen is considered ecologically clean, in the future it is necessary to consider such a problem as the strengthening of the global greenhouse effect as a result of anthropogenic activity during the mass production and use of hydrogen and the impact of this activity on the protection of the Earth's ozone layer. Practical implication. The expediency of the transition to hydrogen energy with the production of green hydrogen by electrolysis has been confirmed. Ukraine has a high potential in the field of production of ecologically clean green hydrogen using innovative technologies. The advantage of molecular hydrogen as a synthetic fuel is its high energy density, where hydrogen exceeds natural gas by 2.6 times, oil by 3.3 times, and cellulose by 8.3 times. The topical issue of the use of wind, solar and other types of energy has led to an increase in the share of alternative sources since 2007. By 2020 According to the Ministry of Energy and international partners, the potential of production and use of "green hydrogen" is a universal tool for decarbonization. The European Commission has developed a holistic strategy to support hydrogen, placing it at the heart of the EU Green Deal. Hydrogen is produced using electricity produced from renewable sources, which currently accounts for about 1% of its total production.