Принципи роботи свердловинних гідравлічних ударних машин із керованим формуванням імпульсу

Abstract

Purpose.To justify improvement of combined percussion–rotary drilling and develop principles for increasing the efficiency of hydraulic impact machines by optimizing formation, transmission, and realization of the impact impulse under variable geological and technological conditions. Research methodology. The study applied systematic analysis and physical-mathematical modeling to impact formation in the PGB-2PG hydraulic hammer. Existing designs were reviewed, justifying a valveless scheme with kinematic flow control by a movable anvil. A generalized four-stage model of the operating cycle integrated hydraulic, gas, mechanical, and kinematic subsystems. Analytical relations for impact characteristics were derived, and bench tests linked pump modes and circulation patterns to cycle stability and impact parameters overall. Research results. A valveless hydropneumatic hammer PGB-2PG is proposed, where flow is controlled by a movable anvil and energy is stored in a pneumatic chamber of the striker, reducing wear and improving stability. The cycle includes steady circulation, anvil displacement L, channel closure and hydraulic shock, striker acceleration, and impact over distance D. Equations were obtained for striker velocity, impact energy, chamber pressure, contact force, frequency, and average power. For m ≈ 12 kg, stroke ≈ 0.03 m, Δp ≈ 3 MPa, impact energy is 35- 40 J at 5- 7 Hz (180- 250 W).Stable operation requires constant average fluid flow, while pulsation improves regularity of impacts. Originality. A new valveless impact principle based on kinematic channel closure by a movable anvil is established. Impact frequency f increases with higher flow Q and decreases with larger channel area Ac and stroke L.Energy accumulation follows a hydropneumatic mechanism combining pressure differential and adiabatic gas compression. The effect of pump regime on cycle stability is proven. Practical implications. The proposed hydraulic hammer PGB-2PGprovides stable controllable impacts, increasing drilling rate in hard rocks, reducing wear, and allowing adaptation to conditions via pump regulation while lowering specific energy consumption.