A complex approach to the sustainable development

Abstract

Purpose. To develop and justify a comprehensive approach to solving problems related to uncontrolled amber mining in Ukraine by introducing the ‘three E’ model (economy, ecology, aesthetics) with the aim of ensuring the sustainable development of Ukraine's amber industry, restoring degraded areas and fostering a careful attitude towards natural resources. Methodology. The work uses general scientific and special research methods - theoretical (analysis, generalisation, comparison), geological, gemmological, ecological, economic and aesthetic. This made it possible to analyse the current state of the amber industry in Ukraine with the ecological, economic and social consequences of uncontrolled mining and to propose a new model based on the integration of economic benefits, environmental safety and aesthetic appeal. Results. The necessity of transitioning from uncontrolled amber mining, which leads to landscape degradation and economic losses, to an eco-aesthetic model of its deposit development has been substantiated. A ‘three E’ model has been proposed and detailed, which provides for comprehensive amber processing, economic diversification, investment in technology, corporate social responsibility, minimisation of impact on the landscape, wastewater treatment, biodiversity conservation, recultivation of disturbed lands, environmental monitoring, preservation of natural beauty, tourism development, educational programmes, architectural harmony and promotion of amber art. Scientific novelty. A regular correlation has been established between the economic and social aspects of subsoil use, where aesthetic criteria are an equal element of the technogenic process and a tool for preserving a harmonious spatial environment during the development of mineral resources. It has been proven that social acceptance of economic projects has developed further and directly depends on compliance with environmental standards and the preservation of the visual and aesthetic potential of territories. Practical significance. The implementation of the ‘three E’ model is the only way to achieve long-term and sustainable development of Ukraine's amber industry, which will allow for the restoration of degraded areas and ensure the rational use of amber reserves, transform depleted deposits into economically profitable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically attractive sites, promote the integration of the industry into the European market and foster a careful attitude towards natural resources.