Methodological principles for selecting glass fiber composite materials in reinforced structures

Abstract

Purpose. To provide a materials-science-driven comparison between steel and glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement in concrete structures, with emphasis on how chemical composition, fiber fraction, and interfacial engineering influence mechanical behavior, durability, fatigue, and heat resistance, thereby identifying microstructural strategies to enhance glass fiber reinforced polymer performance. Methodology. Integrates a comparative materials-science analysis using micromechanical modeling (rule of mixtures, strength efficiency factors), normalized property metrics, and durability data, combined with literature-based experimental evidence on mechanical, thermal, and fatigue performance of steel and glass fiber reinforced polymer. Findings. The findings show that while steel maintains superior stiffness, ductility, and fire resistance, glass fiber reinforced polymer offers higher tensile strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion immunity, and electromagnetic neutrality. Mechanical modeling confirms that fiber chemistry, fraction, and matrix selection govern glass fiber reinforced polymer performance, upgrading to S- or AR-glass, adopting high thermal transition matrices, nanoscale modifiers, and hybrid fiber architectures significantly improve fatigue life and thermal stability. Originality. The originality of this research lies in framing the comparison between steel and glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement not only at the structural scale, but at the microstructural and chemical levels, linking fiber composition, polymer matrix selection, and interfacial engineering to mechanical performance, fatigue, and thermal stability. Unlike conventional studies that assess only as a corrosion-resistant alternative, identified targeted material design strategies, such as high-transition matrices, nanoscale tougheners, and hybrid fiber architectures, that can systematically extend the serviceability and safety of glass fiber reinforced polymer in reinforced concrete, thereby positioning composites as a scientifically optimized, rather than merely substitute, reinforcement solution. Practical value. Value of this research is in guiding engineers toward microstructurally optimized glass fiber reinforced polymer rebars with improved fatigue and heat resistance, enabling safer, longer-lasting concrete structures in aggressive environments where steel rapidly degrades