Characteristics of the mechanism of sinkhole in coal-bearing regions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/86.157Keywords:
shallow depths, mine workings, sinkholes, collapse dome, rock strata, bulking factor, rock subsidence, inclination of the workingAbstract
Purpose. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed description of the mechanism of sinkhole formation in the coal-rock massif – specifically regarding potential activation above abandoned (old) workings located at shallow depths or left behind during mine decommissioning – where coal seams subcrop beneath the overburden.ps under deposits.
Methodology. This study analyzes data from over 200 archival records documenting surface damage in various coal-mining areas of the Donbas. The analysis included cases where sinkholes reached the surface as well as instances where the collapse arch stabilized within the rock mass during mining operations at shallow depths (not exceeding 160 m). Archival materials obtained from UkrNDMI, Donetsk National Technical University, and the National Mining University were utilized.
Results. Based on the research results, dependencies were obtained for determining the maximum deformations (inclinations, curvatures, and horizontal deformations) of the earth's surface in the zone of influence of abandoned mining workings depending on the degree of metamorphism of the undermined coal massif.
Scientific novelty. Based on the study results, the specific features of the mechanism governing the formation and upward migration of a collapse arch within the rock mass are examined in detail, taking into account the constituent lithological varieties. Potential hazard zones for collapse formation in mine workings are identified, along with the factors that accelerate or impede the migration of the collapse arch toward the surface and the subsequent formation of a sinkhole.
Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to assess the hazard posed to the land surface and surface structures within the zone of influence by abandoned shallow-depth development workings (voids). They can also be applied when evaluating the development potential of areas containing abandoned or decommissioned shallow mine workings, as well as for the monetary valuation of real estate in such areas.
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