Classification of oiling and cooling technological

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive classification system for lubricating and cooling technological means (LCTM) and analyze their impact on the main parameters of the process of mechanical metal cutting, such as productivity, tool durability, surface quality of parts, cutting force and temperature deformations. In addition, the goal is to establish optimal conditions for using LCTM for different types of materials and processing modes. The methods. The research methodology included an analysis of scientific literature, classification of LCTM according to their aggregate state, composition and functional properties. An experimental assessment of the lubricating, cooling and washing properties of liquid, plastic, gaseous and solid LCTM was carried out. The features of their impact on reducing temperatures in the cutting zone, reducing friction and improving the chip removal process were considered. Findings. Based on the analysis, a classification of LCTM was proposed, which includes four main groups: liquid (emulsions, lubricating oils, water-miscible compositions), solid (graphite, talc, waxes, polymers), plastic (mineral and synthetic lubricants), gaseous (nitrogen, argon, air). It was found that the use of liquid LCTM allows to reduce temperatures in the cutting zone and improve cooling, while solid LCTM are effective in conditions of high temperatures and loads. The use of LCTM reduces the cutting force, ensures the stability of the processing quality and extends the service life of tools. The originality. The novelty of the work lies in the development of a comprehensive system for classifying LCTM, which takes into account their aggregate state, chemical composition, functional characteristics and conditions of use. Dependencies between LCTM parameters (composition, concentration, temperature characteristics) and their influence on the main parameters of the metal cutting process have been established. For the first time, a detailed analysis of combined compositions of LCTM containing aqueous solutions with the addition of salts and surfactants was carried out to provide both a lubricating and cooling effect. Practical implementation. The results of the study have significant practical significance for enterprises in the metalworking industry. The proposed classification system and recommendations for the selection of LCTM will significantly increase the productivity of technological processes by optimizing cooling and lubrication; extend the service life of the cutting tool by reducing friction and temperature deformations; improve the surface quality of parts by reducing roughness and the formation of residual compressive stresses; reduce tool maintenance costs and operating costs; reduce the negative impact on the environment by using safe and environmentally friendly LCTM.